犯

犯	U+72AF, 犯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF

← 犮
[U+72AE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犰 →
[U+72B0]

犯	U+FA9F, 犯 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F

← 爵
[U+FA9E]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

猪 →
[U+FAA0]

සර්ව භාෂාමය

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 4721₂, composition ⿰犭㔾)

ව්‍යුත්පන්න අනුලක්ෂණ

𠱍, 𣳜

මූලාශ්‍ර

Kangxi ශබ්දකෝෂය: පිටුව 706, අනුලක්ෂණය 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: අනුලක්ෂණය 20238
Dae Jaweon: පිටුව 1118, අනුලක්ෂණය 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (පළමුවන සංස්කරණය): වෙලුම 2, පිටුව 1331, අනුලක්ෂණය 8
Unihan data for U+72AF

Unihan data for U+FA9F

චීන

simp. and trad.		犯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
氾	pʰoms, bom
犯
範
范
笵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

නිරුක්තිය

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

උච්චාරණය

මැන්ඩරීන්
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fàn (fan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fan⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фан (fan, III)
කැන්ටනීස් (Jyutping): faan⁶ / faan^6-2
Gan (Wiktionary): fan⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fam

(Hailu, HRS): fam^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): fan³
Northern Min (KCR): huāng
Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn / hoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huam⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ve
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan⁵ / fan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fàn
  - Wade–Giles: fan⁴
  - Yale: fàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fann
  - Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фан (fan, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
කැන්ටනීස්
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: faan⁶ / faan^6-2
  - Yale: faahn / fáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁶ / faan^6-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁶ / fan^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²²/, /faːn²²⁻³⁵/

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fan⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /fam³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fan³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuaŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: huǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huam6 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ve
  - MiniDict: ve^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ve
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fan⁵ / fan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸan²¹/, /ɸan⁴⁵/

Note:

fan5 - vernacular;
fan4 - literary.

Middle Chinese: bjomX

Rime
Character	犯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	防錽切
Baxter	bjomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam^X/
Li Rong	/biɐm^X/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan⁶

Definitions

犯

to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]
We will not attack if we are not attacked.
to commit (crime); to violate
犯罪 ― fànzuì ― to commit crime
criminal; offender; culprit
罪犯 ― zuìfàn ― criminal

俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
bei² go³ faan^6-2 zau² lat¹ zo² aa³! [Jyutping]
The criminal ran loose!
to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
犯脾氣／犯脾气 ― fànpíqì ― to get angry; to lose one's temper
to brave; to face; to withstand
to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of
to oppose
知犯何逆 ― zhīfànhénì ― Know and oppose such adverse treatments

සමාන පද

(to violate):

Page Thesaurus:違反 not found

(criminal):

Page Thesaurus:罪犯 not found

(to be worth):

Page Thesaurus:值得 not found

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犯):

→ ජපන්: 犯(はん) (han)
→ කොරියානු: 범(犯) (beom)
→ වියට්නාම: phạm (犯)

Compounds

මූලාශ්‍ර

සැකිල්ල:R:cpx:PHDS

ජපන්

කන්ජි

犯

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

crime, offense
criminal, culprit, offender

Readings

Go-on: ぼん (bon)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)}^{←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)^{←はん (fan, historical)}^{←はむ (famu, ancient)}
Kun: おかす (okasu, 犯す, Jōyō)^{←をかす (wokasu, 犯す, historical)}

Compounds

නිරුක්තිය

මෙම යෙදුම තුළ කන්ජි
犯
はん Grade: 5
kan'on

/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

ප්‍රත්‍යය

犯(はん) (-han)

perpetrators of a crime
some types of crime

ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

කොරියානු

නිරුක්තිය

From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

උච්චාරණය

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

හන්ජා

犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

Hanja form^? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”). [verbal root]
Hanja form^? of 범 (“criminal”). [suffix]
Hanja form^? of 범 (“count of crime”). [counter]

Compounds

간명범의 (干名犯義, ganmyeongbeomui)
간통범 (姦通犯, gantongbeom)
강간범 (強姦犯, gangganbeom)
강도범 (強盜犯, gangdobeom)
경범 (輕犯, gyeongbeom)
공범 (共犯, gongbeom)
교사범 (敎唆犯, gyosabeom)
군사범 (軍事犯, gunsabeom)
납치범 (拉致犯, napchibeom)
도망범 (逃亡犯, domangbeom)
방범 (防犯, bangbeom)
방외범색 (房外犯色, bang'oebeomsaek)
방임범 (放任犯, bang'imbeom)
범금 (犯禁, beomgeum)
범소 (犯所, beomso)
범월 (犯越, beomwol)
범인 (犯人, beomin)
범접 (犯接, beomjeop)
범죄 (犯罪, beomjoe)
범죄성 (犯罪性, beomjoeseong)
범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
사기범 (詐欺犯, sagibeom)
사불범정 (邪不犯正, sabulbeomjeong)
사칭범 (詐稱犯, sachingbeom)
살인범 (殺人犯, sarinbeom)
상습범 (常習犯, sangseupbeom)
생계범 (生計犯, saenggyebeom)
성인범 (成人犯, seong'inbeom)
소년범 (少年犯, sonyeonbeom)
수범 (首犯, subeom)
우범자 (虞犯者, ubeomja)
유괴범 (誘拐犯, yugoebeom)
인질범 (人質犯, injilbeom)
일생불범 (一生不犯, ilsaengbulbeom)
일죄재범 (一罪再犯, iljoejaebeom)
잡범 (雜犯, japbeom)
재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
전문범 (專門犯, jeonmunbeom)
전범 (戰犯, jeonbeom)
전쟁범 (戰爭犯, jeonjaengbeom)
절도범 (竊盜犯, jeoldobeom)
정치범 (政治犯, jeongchibeom)
죄범 (罪犯, joebeom)
죄중우범 (罪中又犯, joejung'ubeom)
주범 (主犯, jubeom)
중노난범 (衆怒難犯, jungnonanbeom)
중범 (重犯, jungbeom)
질주범 (疾走犯, jiljubeom)
침범 (侵犯, chimbeom)
탈주범 (脫走犯, taljubeom)
폭파범 (爆破犯, pokpabeom)
폭행범 (暴行犯, pokhaengbeom)
현행범 (現行犯, hyeonhaengbeom)
협박범 (脅迫犯, hyeopbakbeom)
확신범 (確信犯, hwaksinbeom)
흉악범 (凶惡犯, hyung'akbeom)

වියට්නාම

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

මෙම පදය සිංහලට පරිවර්තනය කළ යුතුය. කරුණාකර පරිවර්තනයක් ලබා දී, {{rfdef}} කේතය ඉවත් කරන්න.