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සැකිල්ල:fr-IPA

Wiktionary වෙතින්

IPA(key): /fʁi.pa/

පහත දැක්වෙන උපදෙස්, සැකිල්ල:fr-IPA/documentation හි පිහිටා ඇත. සැකිල්ල:fr-IPA/documentation]]. [සංස්කරණය]
ප්‍රයෝජනවත් සබැඳි: උප පිටු ලැයිස්තුව • සබැඳි • යළි යොමු • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

This template uses Module:fr-pron to generate the IPA pronunciation of French words or text. If no parameter is provided, it will use the page title. Normally the text should be the standard written form of the text.

Many tricky cases are handled correctly.

TextResultComments
intransitivesIPA(key): /ɛ̃.tʁɑ̃.zi.tiv/
châteauIPA(key): /ʃa.to/ ~ /ʃɑ.to/
accueilIPA(key): /a.kœj/
plombIPA(key): /plɔ̃/
prudemmentIPA(key): /pʁy.da.mɑ̃/
mangeaitIPA(key): /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/
baignoireIPA(key): /bɛ.ɲwaʁ/ ~ /be.ɲwaʁ/
étudiionsIPA(key): /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/
joindreIPA(key): /ʒwɛ̃dʁ/
shoppingIPA(key): /ʃɔ.piŋ/
tînmesIPA(key): /tɛ̃m/
CamerounIPA(key): /kam.ʁun/-oun is not a nasal vowel
prierIPA(key): /pʁi.je/i before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /ij/ not /j/
truelleIPA(key): /tʁy.ɛl/u before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /y/ not /ɥ/
bruitIPA(key): /bʁɥi/but ui is always /ɥi/
trouaIPA(key): /tʁu.a/ou before a vowel after Cl and Cr is /u/ not /w/
troisIPA(key): /tʁwa/but oi is always /wa/
dresserIPA(key): /dʁɛ.se/ ~ /dʁe.se/e before ss is usually /ɛ/
essaimIPA(key): /e.sɛ̃/but initial e before ss is /e/
ressemelezIPA(key): /ʁə.sə.m(ə).le/and initial ress- is /rəs/
vous ressemelezIPA(key): /vu ʁ(ə).sə.m(ə).le/note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
aimeronsIPA(key): /ɛm.ʁɔ̃/
aimerionsIPA(key): /ɛ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ ~ /e.mə.ʁjɔ̃/note the schwa handling in this and the previous example
ouestIPA(key): /wɛst/final -st is pronounced by default
il estIPA(key): /il ɛ/but est, es and et are special-cased

But in some cases it is necessary to use respelling to indicate the correct pronunciation. Example:

TextResultRespellingResultComments
hiverIPA(key): /i.ve/hivèr, hiverreIPA(key): /i.vɛʁ/-r in final -er not transcribed by default
filsIPA(key): /fil/fisseIPA(key): /fis/another possibility is fiç
soixanteIPA(key): /swak.sɑ̃t/soissanteIPA(key): /swa.sɑ̃t/another possibility is soiçante
aoûtIPA(key): /a.u/outeIPA(key): /ut/
milleIPA(key): /mij/mileIPA(key): /mil/-ill after a consonant is transcribed by default like fille
caoutchoucIPA(key): /ka.ut.ʃuk/caoutchouIPA(key): /ka.ut.ʃu/final -c after a vowel is transcribed by default
suspectIPA(key): /sys.pɛkt/suspetIPA(key): /sys.pɛ/final -ct after a vowel is transcribed by default
chaosIPA(key): /ʃa.o/caosIPA(key): /ka.o/in some loanwords of Latin or Greek origin, ch is pronounced like k or hard c
doncIPA(key): /dɔ̃/donqueIPA(key): /dɔ̃k/final -c in -nc is not transcribed by default
parfumIPA(key): /paʁ.fɔm/parfunIPA(key): /paʁ.fœ̃/final -um transcribed by default like maximum
shampooingIPA(key): /ʃɑ̃.pɔ.wɛ̃/shampoingIPA(key): /ʃɑ̃.pwɛ̃/
œufsIPA(key): /œf/œuxIPA(key): /ø/
VientianeIPA(key): /vjɑ̃.tjan/ViaintianeIPA(key): /vjɛ̃.tjan/
cowboyIPA(key): /kɔw.bwaj/cauboilleIPA(key): /ko.bɔj/English loanwords usually require respelling
boycotterIPA(key): /bwaj.kɔ.te/boillcotterIPA(key): /bɔj.kɔ.te/note that -ill- can be used even before a consonant

Use |pos=v to indicate that a word is a verb. This currently only affects final -ai, -ent, and -tions.

TextResult without pos=vResult with pos=vComments
aimeraiIPA(key): /ɛm.ʁɛ/IPA(key): /ɛm.ʁe/
aimentIPA(key): /ɛ.mɑ̃/ ~ /e.mɑ̃/IPA(key): /ɛm/
portionsIPA(key): /pɔʁ.sjɔ̃/IPA(key): /pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/

Use the symbols ŏ, eŭ, ă to force the "lax" sounds /ɔ/ /œ/ /a/ in certain circumstances where the "tense" variants /o/ /ø/ /ɑ/ would otherwise be used (see below). These are the opposite of the standard symbols ô, eû, â, which force the "tense" variants.

TextResultRespellingResultComments
sosieIPA(key): /so.zi/sŏsieIPA(key): /sɔ.zi/o is /o/ before /z/
putter (respelled "peuter")IPA(key): /pø.te/peŭterIPA(key): /pœ.te/eu is /ø/ word-initially and before /t/
aimasIPA(key): /ɛ.ma/ ~ /ɛ.mɑ/ ~ /e.ma/ ~ /e.mɑ/aimăsIPA(key): /ɛ.ma/ ~ /e.ma/a is /ɑ/ before final written s, z

Schwas of various sorts:

  • Use ə (a schwa symbol) to force a normal schwa where e would otherwise be interpreted differently (e.g. in -ess-; but note that ress- /rəs/ is special-cased). This may be indicated as mandatory, optional or deleted depending on context, exactly like any other schwa.
  • Use (ə) (a schwa in parens) to force an optional schwa.
  • Use ĕ to force an always-pronounced schwa.
  • Use ė to force a never-pronounced schwa.
TextResultRespellingResultComments
dessousIPA(key): /de.su/dəssousIPA(key): /də.su/another possibility is the respelling deçous
sens dessus dessousIPA(key): /sɑ̃ de.sy de.su/sens dəssus dəssousIPA(key): /sɑ̃ d(ə).sy d(ə).su/shown here as optional, just as normal e would
syndrome d'AspergerIPA(key): /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ʒe/syndrome d'AsperguĕrIPA(key): /sɛ̃.dʁɔm d‿as.pɛʁ.ɡəʁ/regular ə would also work here

Use an underscore to break up a set of letters that would be interpreted specially and force the letters on either side to be interpreted on their own. Examples:

TextResultRespellingResultComments
gnouIPA(key): /ɲu/g_nouIPA(key): /ɡnu/
week-endIPA(key): /wə.ɛ.kɑ̃/ ~ /wə.e.kɑ̃/wik-e_ndeIPA(key): /wi.kɛnd/use an underscore between vowel and n to force the n to be fully transcribed
sprinterIPA(key): /spʁɛ̃.te/spri_nterIPA(key): /spʁin.te/another possibility is the respelling sprineter or sprinėter
amuïrIPA(key): /a.mɥiʁ/amu_irIPA(key): /a.my.iʁ/
WashingtonIPA(key): /wa.ʃɛ̃.tɔ̃/Washing_tonneIPA(key): /wa.ʃiŋ.tɔn/-ing after consonant is /iŋ/ if final or followed by an underscore

Use the symbol ‿ to indicate liaison.

TextResultRespellingResult
vous avezIPA(key): /vu a.ve/vous‿avezIPA(key): /vu.z‿a.ve/
s'en allerIPA(key): /s‿ɑ̃ a.le/s'en‿allerIPA(key): /s‿ɑ̃.n‿a.le/
bon amiIPA(key): /bɔ̃ a.mi/bon‿amiIPA(key): /bɔ.n‿a.mi/
pied-à-terreIPA(key): /pje.a.tɛʁ/pied‿à-terreIPA(key): /pje.t‿a.tɛʁ/
premier étageIPA(key): /pʁə.mje e.taʒ/premier‿étageIPA(key): /pʁə.mjɛ.ʁ‿e.taʒ/ ~ /pʁə.mje.ʁ‿e.taʒ/
peut-êtreIPA(key): /pø.ɛtʁ/peut‿êtreIPA(key): /pø.t‿ɛtʁ/
neuf ansIPA(key): /nœf ɑ̃/neuf‿ansIPA(key): /nœ.v‿ɑ̃/
beaux-artsIPA(key): /bo.aʁ/beaux‿artsIPA(key): /bo.z‿aʁ/
jouent-ils, pos=vIPA(key): /ʒu.il/jouent‿ils, pos=vIPA(key): /ʒu.t‿il/

Many more examples can be found in Module:fr-pron/testcases.

Substitution specs

[සංස්කරණය]

In place of a respelling, you can use a substitution spec. For example, the spec [ch:k] says "respell <ch> as <k> in the page name" (i.e. wherever it occurs), and similarly [vient:vien] says "respell <vient> as <vien> in the page name". This is useful in long page names, to avoid having to repeat most of the page name in the respelling:

TextResultRespellingResultComments
acide glycocholiqueIPA(key): /a.sid ɡli.kɔ.ʃɔ.lik/{{fr-IPA|[ch:c]}}IPA(key): /a.sid ɡli.kɔ.kɔ.lik/
a beau mentir qui vient de loinIPA(key): /a bo mɑ̃.tiʁ ki vjɑ̃ də lwɛ̃/{{fr-IPA|[vient:vien]}}IPA(key): /a bo mɑ̃.tiʁ ki vjɛ̃ də lwɛ̃/
ils vécurent heureux et eurent beaucoup d'enfantsIPA(key): /il ve.kyʁ œ.ʁø e øʁ bo.ku d‿ɑ̃.fɑ̃/{{fr-IPA|[heur:heûr,eurent:urent]|pos=v}}IPA(key): /il ve.kyʁ ø.ʁø e yʁ bo.ku d‿ɑ̃.fɑ̃/separate multiple substitution specs with a comma
jouer au chat et à la sourisIPA(key): /ʒwe o ʃa e a la su.ʁi/{{fr-IPA|+|[er au:ér‿au]|qual2=more formal}}IPA(key): /ʒwe o ʃa e a la su.ʁi/, (more formal) /ʒwe.ʁ‿o ʃa e a la su.ʁi/specs can cross word boundaries

If you precede a substitution spec with ^, e.g. [^as:a], it restricts the substitution to apply to a whole word; by default, substitution specs can match within a word.

|1=, |2=, etc. are used to indicate one or more pronunciations, possibly respelled. See examples above for how this respelling works. An omitted parameter defaults to the pagename. You can indicate multiple pronunciations, e.g.

  • {{fr-IPA|almana|almanac}}: IPA(key): /al.ma.na/, /al.ma.nak/

|pos=v indicates that a word in the text is a verb, and controls the handling of certain endings (-ai, -ent, -tions); see examples above.

You can tag any pronunciation with a qualifier using |qual=, |qual2=, etc. and a reference using |n=, |n2=, etc., as with {{IPA}}.

|noalternatives=1 disables the automatic generation of alternative pronunciations (see above).

  • b is normally /b/, but:
    • It is silent in final -mb(s).
    • It is /p/ in the sequence bs (obstacle).
  • c is normally /k/, but:
    • It is /s/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ (cœliaque), except in the sequence œu (cœur with /k/). To get a hard c before a front vowel, write k or qu; to get a soft c before a back vowel, write ç.
    • ch is /ʃ/.
    • c is silent in final nc(t)(s).
  • ç is always /s/.
  • d is /d/, but:
  • It is silent in final -d and -ds. -ied(s) is /je/ (pied, assieds, etc.).
  • f is always /f/.
  • g is normally /ɡ/ (note, this is a special IPA character, not the normal g character), except:
    • g is /ʒ/ before a front vowel, i.e. e, i, y, æ, ə or accented versions of these; also œ, except in the sequence œu (Argœuves with /ɡ/). To get a hard g before a front vowel, write gu; to get a soft g before a back vowel, write j; to get a pronounced gu before a front vowel, write gü.
    • gn is /ɲ/. To get /ɡn/, write g_n.
    • ng is /ŋ/ (as in parking, shopping) in the sequence consonant+ing when word-finally, before final s, or before _. Use _ to get ing -> /iŋ/ elsewhere in a word, e.g. respell Washington as Washing_tonne and swinguer as swing_guer. Note that vowel+ing (as in poing) is interpreted by the next rule.
    • Final g(s) is silent, as in rang, long, seing, joug and plurals.
    • g is silent in the sequence ngt, as in vingt.
  • h is normally silent. Note:
    • ch, sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
    • ph is /f/.
    • h between vowels prevents conversion of /i/ and /y/ into glides (as in nihilisme, jihad respelled djihade), but does not have a similar effect on /u/ (hence souhaite is rendered as /swɛt/).
    • nh is treated as if spelled n (as in inhérent, anhédonie), except in word-initial enh-, rendered as /ɑ̃/ (as in enhardir, enhaché, enhucher). For words where the h is "mute" and the enh- needs to be rendered as /ɑ̃n/ (enharmonie, enherber), use a respelling beginning with enn-.
    • Word-initial eu- is normally rendered as /ø/, but word-initial h blocks this, hence euro is /ø.ro/ but heureux is /œ.rø/.
  • j is always /ʒ/.
  • k is always /k/.
  • l is /l/, except:
    • ill is /j/ after a vowel (faillir), /ij/ after a consonant fille, and /il/ word-initially illustrer. This applies regardless of what follows, which is useful in respellings (e.g. boycotter can be respelled boillcotter to get /bɔj.kɔ.te/). An exception is the sequence uill following a consonant, which is rendered /ɥij/ (as in juillet, cuillère) rather than expected */yj/. Note that many words having ill after a consonant are pronounced with /il/ rather than /ij/ (mille, village, tranquillité), and will need respelling using il.
    • The sequence oil is /wal/ (poil), unless another l follows (to allow respellings like cauboille /ko.bɔj/ for cowboy).
    • Otherwise, word-final il(s) is /j/ after a vowel (travail, orteil), /il/ otherwise (ils, avril, profil).
    • In the sequence vowel+il+consonant, il is rendered as /j/; this is an alternative way to get /j/ in respellings.
    • Special cases:
      • œil (œil, œillet) is interpreted as if spelled œuil.
      • cueil (accueil) is interpreted as if spelled keuil.
      • gueil (orgueil) is interpreted as if spelled gueuil.
      • oel, oêl (moelle, poêle) are interpreted as if spelled wal.
  • m is /m/, except that it normally indicates nasalization when preceding b, p, or f (tomber, imprimer, symphonie), and also in the word-final sequences om(s), aim(s), eim(s) (faim, Reims, nom). Exceptions and special cases:
    • The sequence oum represents /um/ (schtroumpf), not a nasal vowel.
    • Word-final um(s) represents /ɔm/ (maximum, album).
  • n is normally /n/, but usually indicates nasalization when following a vowel and not preceding a vowel or another n. Exceptions and special cases:
    • The sequence oun represents /un/ (Cameroun, Bouroundi), not a nasal vowel.
    • Word-final ing(s) after a consonant represents /iŋ/ (parking, shopping). See the entry for g above for the precise rules.
    • nh is rendered as /n/ except in word-initial enh-. See the entry for h above for the precise rules.
  • p is /p/, except:
  • q and qu are always /k/. To represent a pronounced u, use ü if pronounced /ɥ/ (as in aquifère, ubiquité), and w if pronounced /w/ (as in adéquat, équanimité, squatter).
  • r is /ʁ/, but is silent in final -er(s), which is rendered /e/ (aimer, volontiers, dîners, papiers). Exception: -er(s) in single-syllable words (cher, vers) is rendered /ɛʁ/. Words with pronounced final -er(s) in multisyllabic words will need respelling with -erre, e.g. travers, tiers.
  • s is normally /s/, but:
    • It is /z/ between vowels and silent word-finally.
    • Words where s between vowels is /s/ (asocial, susurrer) will need respelling with ç, ss or (if before a front vowel) c. (Be careful with respelling using ss, as it may change the interpretation of a preceding e.)
    • Words where final s is pronounced (ours, métis, sens) will need respelling (e.g. ourse/ource/ourss/ourç/etc., métisse, sense).
    • sh, sch, ssh are /ʃ/, except that initial désh- is /dez/ (déshonorer, déshabitué).
    • In initial trans- and intrans- preceding a vowel, s is /z/.
    • The words es and est are rendered as if spelled ès and èt, respectively (i.e. they will be rendered as /ɛ/ except in a liaison context).
    • Except in the word est, final -st is pronounced (ouest, podcast, permafrost).
  • t is normally /t/, but:
  • v is always /v/.
  • w is always /w/.
  • x is normally /ks/, but:
  • z is normally /z/, but:
    • Final z is silent (allez, nez). [FIXME: Should only apply to -ez.] Final -ez is rendered as /e/.
  • a is /a/, except that it is /ɑ/ before final -s and -z.
  • (continue to fill in)

"https://si.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=සැකිල්ල:fr-IPA&oldid=36995" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි