tempus

අමතර අවධානයට: Tempus

ලතින්

Tempus horologio significatur.

Picture dictionary

tempus

calvāria

cerebrum

oculus

labium

nāsus

ōs

mentum

māxilla

auris

tempus

collum

Click on labels in the image.

නිරුක්තිය

From Proto-Italic *tempos. Two ultimate roots/origins have been proposed:

• From ප්‍රොටෝ-ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
• From ප්‍රොටෝ-ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving ලතින් temnō, tondeō, පුරාතන ග්‍රීක τέμνω (témnō); compare the etymology of English time. templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Sense 2 is a වෙතින් ශබ්දාර්ථවිභාග ණයට ගැනීම, පුරාතන ග්‍රීක τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. Compare පුරාතන ඉංග්‍රීසි þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).

As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

උච්චාරණය

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus/, [ˈt̪ɛmpʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus/, [ˈt̪ɛmpus]

නාම පදය

tempus නපුංසක ලිංග (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (literally):
   1. a time (a portion or period of time)

      ad/in tempus ― temporarily; for a time

      tempus diurnum ― daytime

      • 70 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon III.284:

        sed fvgit intereā fvgit inreparābile tempvs

        But it flees, meanwhile, it flees... irretrievable time.

      • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220:

        Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?

        Why do the seasons of the year bring maladies?

      1. (especially) an interval, period (the time intervening between two events)
         • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4:

           per īdem tempus annōrum novem, ab ūndēvīcēnsimō annō aetātis meae ūsque ad duodētrīcēnsimum, sēdūcēbāmur et sēdūcēbāmus

           During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

   2. (in general) time
   3. (in particular) the kairos, right time, due season, due time, proper time, appointed time, opportune time, opportunity

      in tempore ― at the appropriate time; in due season

      ad tempus venīre ― to come at the right time

      ante tempus ― too soon (literally, “before the right time”)

3. (anatomy):
   1. (in the plural) the temples (sides of the head)
   2. (poetic, transferred sense) (in general) the face, visage; the head
4. (other transferred senses):
   1. the state of the times, position, state, condition; (in the plural) the times, circumstances (the time or age in its moral aspects)

      prō tempore ― according to the circumstances

      • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:

        Ō tempora, ō mōrēs! Senātus haec intellegit, cōnsul videt; hic tamen vīvit. Vīvit?

        Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

   2. (poetry, rhetoric) time; measure, quantity
   3. (grammar) a tense (property of a verb that indicates the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs)
   4. (Medieval Latin, rare) the weather

වරනැඟීම

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tempus	tempora
Genitive	temporis	temporum
Dative	temporī	temporibus
Accusative	tempus	tempora
Ablative	tempore	temporibus
Vocative	tempus	tempora

ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

• ex tempore
• prō tempore
• temperī
• temperō
• tempestās
• temporālis
• temporāneus
• temporārius
• temporātim
• temporī
• tempus fugit

Descendants

• Eastern Romance
  • Megleno-Romanian: timp
  • රුමේනියානු: timp
• Franco-Provençal: temps
• Gallo-Italic
  • Ligurian: tempo
  • Lombard: temp
  • Piedmontese: temp
• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Corsican: tempu
  • Dalmatian: tiamp
  • Istriot: tenpo
  • ඉතාලි: tempo (see there for further descendants)
  • Neapolitan: tiempo
  • Sicilian: tempu
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: timp
  • Ladin: tëmp
  • Romansch: temp, taimp, tains
• Occitano-Romance
  • Old Catalan: temps
    • Catalan: temps
  • Old Occitan: tems
• Oïl
  • පුරාතන ප්‍රංශ: temps (see there for further descendants)
• Venetan: tenpo, tènp
• West Iberian
  • Asturian: tiempu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: tempo
    • Galician: tempo
    • පෘතුගීසි: tempo
  • ස්පාඤ්ඤ: tiempo
• Borrowings
  • → ෆින්ලන්ත: tempus
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: tempus
  • → රුසියානු: темп (temp)
  • → Sardinian: tempus
  • → ස්වීඩන්: tempus
  • → Middle Welsh: tymhor
    • වේල්ස: tymor

From tempora (plural): සැකිල්ල:hcol

• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tempula, *templa
  • Catalan: templa
  • ඉතාලි: tempia
  • පුරාතන ප්‍රංශ: temple
  • රුමේනියානු: tâmplă
  • ⇒ Asturian: tenllera
  • ⇒ Galician: tempas
• → බාස්ක්: denbora
• → ඉතාලි: tempora
• → පෘතුගීසි: têmpora
• → Sicilian: tèmpura
• → ස්පාඤ්ඤ: témpora

වැඩිදුර් කියවීම සඳහා

• “tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary [ලතින් ශබ්දකෝෂය], ඔක්ස්ෆෙර්ඩ්: Clarendon Press
• “tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary [ආරම්භක ලතින් ශබ්දකෝෂය], නිව්යෝක්: හාපර් සහ සහෝදරයෝ
• tempus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• tempus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français [නිදර්ශිත ලතින්-ප්‍රංශ ශබ්දකෝෂය], Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, ලන්ඩන්: මැක්මිලන් සහ සමාගම
  • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
    
  • time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
    
  • to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
    
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
    
  • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
    
  • to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
    
  • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
    
  • to spend time: tempus ducere
    
  • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
    
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
    
  • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    
  • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
    
  • circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
    
  • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
    
  • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    
  • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    
  • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
    
  • in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
    
  • the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • in process of time: tempore progrediente
    
  • at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    
  • at this moment: hoc tempore
    
  • in an instant: puncto temporis
    
  • at the important moment: momento temporis
    
  • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
    
  • on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
    
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
    
  • for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
    
  • after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
    
  • at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
    
  • the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
    
  • the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
    
  • in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    
  • the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
    
  • morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
    
  • the morning hours: tempora matutina
    
  • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    
  • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
    
  • under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
    
  • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    
  • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    
  • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    
  • to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
    
  • to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
    
  • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    
  • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    
  • to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
    
  • the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
    
  • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
    
  • chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
    
  • to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
    
  • to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
    
  • to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
    
  • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
    
  • to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
    
  • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere