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三

Wiktionary වෙතින්
අමතර අවධානයට: Ξ, ≡, ミ, 叁, 彡, සහ 丰
三 U+4E09, 三
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09
← 丈
[U+4E08] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 上 →
[U+4E0A]
㈢ U+3222, ㈢
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH THREE
← ㈡
[U+3221] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈣ →
[U+3223]
㊂ U+3282, ㊂
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH THREE
← ㊁
[U+3281] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊃ →
[U+3283]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
විකිමීඩියා කොමන්ස් සතුව මේ ආශ්‍රිතව තවත් මාධ්‍ය පවතියි:

සර්ව භාෂාමය

[සංස්කරණය]
Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

[සංස්කරණය]

三 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一一一 (MMM), four-corner 10101, composition ⿱一二 or ⿱𠄟一)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №4

Derived characters

[සංස්කරණය]

Descendants

[සංස්කරණය]

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12
  • Dae Jaweon: page 138, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E09

වැඩිදුර කියවීම සඳහා

[සංස්කරණය]
Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 三:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/二畫#三|一部/二畫]]

Wikisource

චීන

[සංස්කරණය]
simp. and trad.
 三
alternative forms 叄／叁／參／参 financial
𠫰／𠬅／𠬄 less used
弎
𢦘
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 三 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 三 (Cantonese)
  • 三 (Classical)

Glyph origin

[සංස්කරණය]
Historical forms of the character 三
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j00545

j00546

j00547

j00548

j00549

j00550

j00551

j00552

j00553

j00554

Bronze inscriptions

b00355

b00356

b00357

b00358

b00359

b00360

b00361

b00362

b00363

b00364

b00365

b00366

b00367

b00368

b00369

b00370

b00371

b00372

b00373

b00374

b00375

Small seal script

s00097

Transcribed ancient scripts

L12758

L12759

L12760

L12761

L12762

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (三) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
三 *suːm, *suːms
弎 *suːm

Ideogram (指事) - three parallel strokes. Compare with 一, one stroke meaning “one”, 二, two strokes meaning “two”, and 亖, four strokes meaning “four”. Triplication of 一 (“one”).

නිරුක්තිය

[සංස්කරණය]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum.

උච්චාරණය 1

[සංස්කරණය]
Note: sānr - (1) "the other woman; the other man", (2) "rfdef".
Note:
  • saⁿ - vernacular;
  • sam - literary.
Note:
  • san1 - vernacular;
  • sam1 - literary.
Rime
Character 三
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇甘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sam/
Li
Rong 		/sɑm/
Wang
Li 		/sɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sam ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三
Reading # 1/2
No. 10963
Phonetic
component 		三
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		三
Old
Chinese 		/*suːm/

Definitions

[සංස්කරණය]

三

  1. three
  2. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) the other woman; the other man
  3. (Mainland China, slang, neologism) මෙම පදය සිංහලට පරිවර්තනය කළ යුතුය. කරුණාකර පරිවර්තනයක් ලබා දී, {{rfdef}} කේතය ඉවත් කරන්න.
  4. පෙළපත් නාමයක් from ප්‍රංශ
අමතර අවධානයට
[සංස්කරණය]
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟
Playing cards in මැන්ඩරීන් · 撲克牌／扑克牌 (layout · text)
尖兒／尖儿 二 三 (sān) 四 五 六 (liù) 七
八 九 十 鉤兒／钩儿 圈兒／圈儿, 皮蛋 (regional) K 小王 (black), 大王 (red),
小鬼 (black), 大鬼 (red)

Compounds

[සංස්කරණය]

Descendants

[සංස්කරණය]
Sino-Xenic (三):
  • → ජපන්: 三(さん) (san)
  • → කොරියානු: 삼(三) (sam)
  • → වියට්නාම: tam (三)

Others:

උච්චාරණය 2

[සංස්කරණය]
Rime
Character 三
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇暫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/samH/
Li
Rong 		/sɑmH/
Wang
Li 		/sɑmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 三
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ samH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)
English three times

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 三
Reading # 2/2
No. 10965
Phonetic
component 		三
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		三
Old
Chinese 		/*suːms/

Definitions

[සංස්කරණය]

三 (obsolete)

  1. repeatedly; thrice
    三思  ―  sānsī  ―  to think carefully

Compounds

[සංස්කරණය]

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]

(deprecated template usage)

ජපන්

[සංස්කරණය]

කන්ජි

[සංස්කරණය]
三

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. three

කියවීම්

[සංස්කරණය]

Compounds

[සංස්කරණය]
Compounds

වෙනත් ආකාර

[සංස්කරණය]
  • (Financial/formal form): 参

නිරුක්තිය 1

[සංස්කරණය]
ජපන් cardinal සංඛ්‍යා
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : 三
Kanji in this term
三
さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

*/sam/ → /samu/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm, sɑmH). Compare modern මැන්ඩරීන් 三 (sān).

In Old Japanese, this kanji was used phonetically to transcribe さむ (samu).

උච්චාරණය

[සංස්කරණය]
  • (Tokyo) さん [sàń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sã̠ɴ]
  • Audio:(file)

සංඛ්‍යාංකය

[සංස්කරණය]

三(さん) (san) 

  1. තුන, 3
    Synonym: スリー (surī)
  2. third
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
[සංස්කරණය]
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

නිරුක්තිය 2

[සංස්කරණය]
Kanji in this term
三
さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Borrowing from චීන 三 (sān), with the pitch accent different from etymology 1. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

උච්චාරණය

[සංස්කරණය]

සංඛ්‍යාංකය

[සංස්කරණය]

三(サン) (san) 

  1. three
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
[සංස්කරණය]
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

නිරුක්තිය 3

[සංස්කරණය]
Kanji in this term
三
み
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Likely an apophonic form of 六 (mu, “six”), compare 四 (yo, “four”) with 八 (ya, “eight”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

උච්චාරණය

[සංස්කරණය]

සංඛ්‍යාංකය

[සංස්කරණය]

三(み) (mi) 

  1. three
    一(ひ)、二(ふ)、三(み)、四(よ)、[…]
    hi, fu, mi, yo,[…]
    one, two, three, four, […]
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
[සංස්කරණය]
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

නිරුක්තිය 4

[සංස්කරණය]
Kanji in this term
三
みい
Grade: 1
irregular

/mi/ → /miː/

Shift from mi above.[1]

උච්චාරණය

[සංස්කරණය]

සංඛ්‍යාංකය

[සංස්කරණය]

三(みい) (mī) 

  1. (colloquial) three
    一(ひい)、二(ふう)、三(みい)、四(よお)、五(いつ)、六(むう)、七(なあ)、八(やあ)、九(こお)、十(とお)
    hī, fū, mī, yō, itsu, mū, nā, yā, kō, tō
    one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
Coordinate terms
[සංස්කරණය]
ජපන් ඉලක්කම්
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero) 		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi) 		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi) 		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku) 		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2006, 大辞林 (දයිජිරින්), තෙවන සංස්කරණය (ජපන් බසින්), තෝක්‍යෝ: Sanseidō, →ISBN

කොරියානු

[සංස්කරණය]

නිරුක්තිය

[සංස්කරණය]
කොරියානු සංඛ්‍යා (සංස්කරණය)
30
 ←  2 3 4  → 
    Native isol.: 셋 (set)
    Native attr.: 세 (se), (dated) 석 (seok), (archaic) 서 (seo)
    Sino-Korean: 삼 (sam)
    Hanja: 三
    ක්‍රමසූචක: 셋째 (setjjae)

From Middle Chinese 三 (MC sɑm).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 삼 (Yale: sàm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 석〯 (Yale: sěk) 삼 (Yale: sàm)

උච්චාරණය

[සංස්කරණය]

Hanja

[සංස්කරණය]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
[[wikisource:ko:Special:Search/"三"|三]]

Wikisource

三 (eumhun 셋 삼 (set sam))

  1. Hanja form? of 삼 (“three”).

Compounds

[සංස්කරණය]
Compounds

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

වියට්නාම

[සංස්කරණය]

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

[සංස්කරණය]

三: Hán Việt readings: tam (蘇(tô)甘(cam)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
三: Nôm readings: tam[1][2][3][4][5][6], ba[1], tám[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tam (“three”).

Compounds

[සංස්කරණය]
Compounds

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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