藍

අමතර අවධානයට: 籃 සහ 蓝

藍 U+85CD, 藍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85CD ← 藌 [U+85CC] CJK Unified Ideographs 藎 → [U+85CE]

藍 U+F923, 藍 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F923 ← 濫 [U+F922] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 襤 → [U+F924]

සර්ව භාෂාමය

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

藍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+15 in Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 17 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 4410₇, composition ⿱艹監)

ව්‍යුත්පන්න අනුලක්ෂණ

• 灆 礷 㘕 𢹹 𣠩(𣞎) 𤓆 𤼓 𥍍 𧕭 𧟋 𧾲 𨰗 𩟺 𩽭 𪈭 𫲝 𭐌

මූලාශ්‍ර

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
• Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
• Unihan data for U+85CD

• Unihan data for U+F923

චීන

trad.		藍
simp.		蓝
2nd round simp.		兰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍
襤
籃
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽
爁
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠
濫
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜
監
礛
鑑
艦
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞
鹽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 ().

නිරුක්තිය

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with , Mru [script needed] (charam), ටිබෙට් རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.

Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> මැලේ tarum).

උච්චාරණය

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lán (lan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лан (lan, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laam⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lam³

• Gan (Wiktionary): lan⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): làm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): lan¹
• Northern Min (KCR): lâng
• Eastern Min (BUC): làng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): nâ / lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ / nam⁵ / nang⁵ / na⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lán
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lán
    • Wade–Giles: lan²
    • Yale: lán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
    • Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /län³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nan²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лан (lan, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /læ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laam⁴
    • Yale: làahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lan³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làm
    • Hakka Romanization System: lamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lam²
    • Sinological IPA: /lam¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lam²
    • Sinological IPA: /lam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /læ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: làng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâ
    • Tâi-lô: nâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: naa
    • IPA (Singapore): /na²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /nã²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nã¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nã²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
    • Tâi-lô: lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laam
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Singapore): /lam²⁴/

Note:

• nâ - vernacular (incl. surname);
• lâm - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lam⁵ / nam⁵ / nang⁵ / na⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm / nâm / nâng / nâ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵/, /nam⁵⁵/, /naŋ⁵⁵/, /na⁵⁵/

Note:

• lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
• nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
• nang5 - Chenghai;
• na5 - surname.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶le
    • MiniDict: le^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃an¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 藍
Mandarin	Beijing	/lan³⁵/
	Harbin	/lan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/lã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/lã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/lã²⁴/
	Xining	/lã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nan³¹/
	Guiyang	/nan²¹/
	Kunming	/lã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/laŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/læ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/læ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/læ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/la³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/lɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/nan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lam¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/lɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lam²¹/
	Nanning	/lam²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lam²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lam³⁵/ /na³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/laŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/laŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lam⁵⁵/ /nã⁵⁵/ 姓
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lam³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /lɑm/

Rime
Character	藍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯甘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lam/
Li Rong	/lɑm/
Wang Li	/lɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-k.]rˤam/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	藍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lán
Middle Chinese	‹ lam ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-k.]rˁam/
English	indigo
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

藍／蓝 (lán) (2)

藍

1. blue

   藍色／蓝色  ―  lánsè  ―  blue color

2. indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)

   • 青，取之於藍，而青於藍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Qīng, qǔ zhī yú lán, ér qīng yú lán. [Pinyin]

     Blue is obtained from the indigo plant but is bluer than the plant itself.

3. (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
4. (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government

   Antonym: 黃／黄

5. (literary) සැකිල්ල:zh-short

   සැකිල්ල:zh-co

6. පෙළපත් නාමයක් from ප්‍රංශ: Lan

   藍玉／蓝玉  ―  Lán Yù  ―  Lan Yu (Ming dynasty general)

සමාන පද

• (indigo plant): 蓼藍／蓼蓝

අමතර අවධානයට

• (supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government) 藍絲／蓝丝

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (藍):

• → ජපන්: 藍(らん) (ran)
• → කොරියානු: 람(藍) (ram)
• → වියට්නාම: lam (藍)

Others:

• → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)
  • White Hmong: nkaj
• → Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)
  • තායි: คราม (kraam)
  • ලාඕ: ຄາມ (khām)
  • Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)
• → Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)
  • තායි: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)
  • Zhuang: romj, goromj
• →? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)
  • Muong: chàm
  • වියට්නාම: chàm
• → Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)
• → Zhuang: lamz

Compounds

• 二藍／二蓝
• 亞甲藍／亚甲蓝
• 亮藍／亮蓝
• 伽藍／伽蓝
• 伽藍鳥／伽蓝鸟
• 僧伽藍／僧伽蓝
• 天藍色／天蓝色
• 寶藍／宝蓝
• 寶藍色／宝蓝色
• 小藍人／小蓝人
• 景泰藍／景泰蓝
• 普魯士藍／普鲁士蓝
• 毛藍／毛蓝
• 水渰藍橋／水渰蓝桥
• 海軍藍／海军蓝
• 湛藍／湛蓝
• 燒藍／烧蓝
• 甘藍／甘蓝
• 發藍／发蓝
• 碧藍／碧蓝
• 碧藍如黛／碧蓝如黛
• 篳路藍縷／筚路蓝缕
• 結球甘藍／结球甘蓝
• 絞股藍／绞股蓝
• 胡藍之獄／胡蓝之狱
• 芥藍／芥蓝
• 芥藍菜／芥蓝菜
• 蔚藍／蔚蓝
• 蓼藍／蓼蓝
• 蓽路藍縷／荜路蓝缕
• 蓽露藍蔞／荜露蓝蒌
• 薄藍／薄蓝
• 藍傘／蓝伞
• 藍十字會／蓝十字会
• 藍單／蓝单
• 藍圖／蓝图
• 藍天／蓝天
• 藍姑草／蓝姑草
• 藍寶石／蓝宝石
• 藍尼羅河／蓝尼罗河
• 藍德公司／蓝德公司
• 藍晶／蓝晶
• 藍晶晶／蓝晶晶
• 藍普燈／蓝普灯
• 藍晶石／蓝晶石
• 藍本／蓝本
• 藍橋／蓝桥
• 藍橋會／蓝桥会
• 藍波／蓝波
• 藍波主義／蓝波主义
• 藍湛湛／蓝湛湛
• 藍玉／蓝玉
• 藍瑩瑩／蓝莹莹
• 藍田／蓝田
• 藍田出玉／蓝田出玉
• 藍田猿人／蓝田猿人
• 藍田玉／蓝田玉
• 藍田生玉／蓝田生玉
• 藍田種玉／蓝田种玉
• 藍田遺址／蓝田遗址
• 藍皮書／蓝皮书
• 藍皮綠骨／蓝皮绿骨
• 藍盈盈／蓝盈盈
• 藍礬／蓝矾
• 藍籌／蓝筹
• 藍籌股／蓝筹股
• 藍綠藻／蓝绿藻
• 藍縷／蓝缕
• 藍翎／蓝翎
• 藍色／蓝色
• 藍菊／蓝菊
• 藏藍／藏蓝
• 藍藻／蓝藻
• 藍蝴蝶／蓝蝴蝶
• 藍衫／蓝衫
• 藍調／蓝调
• 藍閃閃／蓝闪闪
• 藍關／蓝关
• 藍青／蓝青
• 藍青官話／蓝青官话
• 藍靛／蓝靛
• 藍領／蓝领
• 藍領階級／蓝领阶级
• 藍鬍子／蓝胡子
• 藍鯨／蓝鲸
• 藍黑／蓝黑
• 藍點頦／蓝点颏
• 藍鼓藻／蓝鼓藻
• 衣冠藍縷／衣冠蓝缕
• 衣衫藍褸／衣衫蓝褛
• 迦藍／迦蓝
• 鈷藍／钴蓝
• 青出於藍／青出于蓝
• 青過於藍／青过于蓝
• 靛藍／靛蓝

 

ජපන්

කන්ජි

藍

(Jōyō kanji)

1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
2. the color indigo
3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

Readings

• Go-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: らん (ran, Jōyō)^{←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)}
• Kun: あい (ai, 藍, Jōyō)^{←あゐ (awi, あゐ, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 藍(らん)衣(い)社(しゃ) (Ran'isha)
• 藍玉(らんぎょく) (rangyoku): aquamarine (gem)
• 藍(らん)紫(し)色(しょく) (ranshishoku)
• 藍綬(らんじゅ)褒章(ほうしょう) (Ranju Hōshō)
• 藍(らん)晶石(しょうせき) (ranshōseki, “cyanite”)
• 藍(らん)色(しょく) (ranshoku): the color indigo: dark blue
• 藍(らん)閃石(せんせき) (ransenseki)
• 藍藻(ランソウ) (ransō)
• 藍(らん)鉄鉱(てっこう) (rantekkō)
• 藍田(らんでん) (Randen)
• 藍靛(らんてん) (ranten)
• 藍(らん)銅鉱(どうこう) (randōkō)
• 藍(らん)毘(び)尼(に)園(おん) (Ranbini-on)
• 藍碧(らんぺき) (ranpeki)
• 芥藍(カイラン) (kairan)
• 伽藍(がらん) (garan)
• 甘藍(カンラン) (kanran)
• 洎夫(サフ)藍(ラン) (safuran)
• 芥(ジエ)藍(ラン)菜(ツァイ) (jierantsai)
• 出藍(しゅつらん) (shutsuran)
• 青藍(せいらん) (seiran)
• 僧(そう)伽(が)藍(らん)摩(ま) (sōgaranma)
• 堆藍(たいらん) (tairan)
• 洞庭藍(トウテイラン) (tōteiran)
• 銅藍(どうらん) (dōran)
• 白藍(はくらん) (hakuran)
• 板藍根(バンランコン) (banrankon)
• 毘(び)藍(らん)婆(ば) (Biranba)
• 洋藍(ようらん) (yōran)

නිරුක්තිය

藍 (ai): the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria.

藍 (ai): the color indigo.

Kanji in this term
藍
あい Grade: S
kun'yomi

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):

• May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):

  ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/

• May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)

  */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

• May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) +‎ 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:

  /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

උච්චාරණය

• (Tokyo) あ​い [áꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠i]

නාම පදය

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) (ai) ^{←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?}

1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria

   Synonyms: 藍蓼 (aitade), 蓼藍 (tade-ai)

   Hypernym: 蓼 (tade)

2. the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

   Synonyms: 藍色 (aiiro, ranshoku), インジゴ (injigo), インディゴ (indigo)

3. 藍蝋 (airō)Short for : indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්

• 藍色(あいいろ) (aiiro)
• 藍(あい)絵(え) (ai-e)
• 藍返(あいがえ)し (aigaeshi)
• 藍型(あいがた) (aigata)
• 藍紙(あいがみ) (aigami)
• 藍瓶(あいがめ) (aigame), 藍甕(あいがめ) (aigame)
• 藍革(あいかわ) (aikawa)
• 藍隈(あいぐま) (aiguma)
• 藍(アイ)子(ゴ) (aigo)
• 藍鮫(アイザメ) (aizame)
• 藍下(あいした) (aishita)
• 藍汁(あいしる) (aishiru)
• 藍住(あいずみ) (Aizumi)
• 藍墨(あいずみ) (aizumi)
• 藍(あい)摺(ず)り (aizuri)
• 藍染(あいぞめ) (aizome), 藍(あい)染(ぞ)め (aizome)
• 藍(あい)建(だ)て (aidate)
• 藍蓼(アイタデ) (aitade)
• 藍茸(アイタケ) (aitake)
• 藍玉(あいだま) (aidama) an indigo ball
• 藍(あい)韋(なめし) (ai-nameshi)
• 藍(あい)鼠(ねずみ) (ainezumi): bluish gray
• 藍花(あいばな) (aibana)
• 藍棒(あいぼう) (aibō)
• 藍(あい)微塵(みじん) (ai-mijin)
• 藍(アイ)水(ミ)泥(ドロ) (aimidoro)
• 藍(あい)海松(みる)茶(ちゃ) (aimirucha)
• 藍(あい)屋(や) (aiya)
• 藍焼(あいやき) (aiyaki), 藍(あい)焼(や)き (aiyaki)
• 藍役(あいやく) (aiyaku)
• 藍蝋(あいろう) (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid
• 紫陽花(あじさい) (ajisai)
• インド藍(あい) (Indo-ai)
• 薄藍(うすあい) (usuai)
• 韓藍(からあい) (karaai)
• 木(キ)藍(アイ) (kiai)
• 紅(くれない) (kurenai), 呉(くれ)の藍(あい) (Kure-no-ai)
• 濃(こ)藍(あい) (koai), 濃藍(こいあい) (koiai)
• 紺藍(こんあい) (kon-ai)
• 地入(じい)れ藍(あい) (jiire ai)
• 白藍(しろあい) (shiroai)
• 人造(じんぞう)藍(あい) (jinzō-ai)
• 蓼藍(タデアイ) (tadeai)
• 漬藍(つけあい) (tsukeai)
• 天然(てんねん)藍(あい) (tennen-ai)
• 泥藍(どろあい) (doroai)
• 二藍(ふたあい) (futa-ai)
• ベロ藍(あい) (bero-ai)
• 襤褸(ぼろ)藍(あい) (boro-ai)
• 本藍(ほんあい) (hon-ai)
• 揉(も)み藍(あい) (momiai)
• 山藍(やまあい) (yamaai), 山藍(やまい) (yamai)
• 琉球(リュウキュウ)藍(アイ) (Ryūkyū-ai)

Proverbs

• 青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)

සංඥා නාම පදය

藍(あい) (Ai) ^{←あゐ (Awi)?}

1. ස්ත්‍රී ලිංග පුද්ගල නාමයක්
2. පෙළපත් නාමයක් from ප්‍රංශ

මූලාශ්‍ර

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) ja:国語大辞典（新装版）<t:Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)>, w:Tōkyō: w:Shogakukan, →ISBN

වැඩිදුර් කියවීම සඳහා

• Entry at Nihonjiten (in Japanese)

කොරියානු

Hanja

藍 (eumhun 쪽 람 (jjok ram), South Korea 쪽 남 (jjok nam))

1. මෙම පදය සිංහලට පරිවර්තනය කළ යුතුය. කරුණාකර පරිවර්තනයක් ලබා දී, {{rfdef}} කේතය ඉවත් කරන්න.

වියට්නාම

හන් අනුලක්ෂණය

藍: Hán Nôm readings: lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám

1. මෙම පදය සිංහලට පරිවර්තනය කළ යුතුය. කරුණාකර පරිවර්තනයක් ලබා දී, {{rfdef}} කේතය ඉවත් කරන්න.

මූලාශ්‍ර

• Nôm Foundation