ඉංග්රීසි
Major dialects of German and the Germanic languages across Central Europe , Scandinavia , and the British Isles
Cities and states of Germany
නිරුක්තිය
From Middle English Germanie , from Old English Germanie & Germania , from ලතින් Germānia ( “ land of the Germans ” ) , from Germānī , a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology. The exonym was said by Strabo to derive from germānus ( “ close kin; genuine ” ) , making it cognate with germane and german , but this seems unsupported. Attempts to derive it from Germanic or Celtic roots since the 18th century[1] are all problematic,[2] although it is perhaps cognate with the Old Irish gair ( “ neighbour ” ) .[3] Doublet of Germania .
In reference to a medieval kingdom, English Germany is usually an anachronism using the Roman name to describe the area or calquing various ලතින් terms like rex Teutonicorum ("king of the Teutons "), which were often derogatory exonyms rather than formal titles.
උච්චාරණය
Proper noun
Germany (countable and uncountable , plural Germanies or Germanys )
A country in Central Europe
ගැලරිය
භාවිත සටහන්
Presently, Germany usually refers to Federal Republic of Germany ;[2] historical senses other than the German Empire , Weimar Germany , and Nazi Germany are usually distinguished. Historically, the extent of "Germany" was a contentious issue known in the 19th century as "The German Question ". The area more often described an ethnic region than a polity into the 16th century, with Old English Germanie even occasionally being used to refer to the areas of England held by the Saxons , Angles , etc.[2] As late as the 19th century, the political area considered "Germany" might include or exclude areas such as Austria , Königsberg , Switzerland , or even non-German parts of the Austrian Empire depending on the speaker and context. During the period of division between 1949 and 1990, either West or East Germany might be referenced as simply "Germany" depending on context, although English use typically referenced the West. See also the continuing use of Korea to refer primarily to South Korea .
Synonyms
( all ) : Deutschland , German Reich , Germania ( uncommon or poetic ) ; Dutchland , Germanland , Alemania ( obs. )
( present state ) : Federal Republic of Germany (FRG , BRD ), German Republic
( 1949–1990 ) : See West Germany and East Germany
( 1933–1945 ) : Nazi Germany , Third Reich , Fascist Germany
( 1919–1933 ) : Weimar Republic , Weimar Germany , German Republic
( 1871–1918 ) : German Empire , Second Reich
( early 19th century ) : North German Confederation , German Confederation , Confederation of the Rhine
( earlier ) : Holy Roman Empire , First Reich , East Francia ; see also Austria
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
See also Thesaurus:Germany
( states ) : Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , Berlin , Brandenburg , Bremen , Hamburg , Hesse , Lower Saxony , North Rhine-Westphalia , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Schleswig-Holstein , Thuringia
( historic divisions ) : Adriatic Littoral , Alpine Foothills , Alsace , Alsace-Lorraine , Anhalt , Anhalt-Dessau , Anhalt-Bernburg , Anhalt-Köthen , Austria , Baden , Bayreuth , Bohemia , Brunswick , Carinthia , Cisleithania , Cologne-Aachen , Danzig , Düsseldorf , East Prussia , East Hanover , Electoral Hesse , Essen , Franconia , Frankfurt , Galicia , General Government , Greater Berlin , Halle-Merseburg , Hesse-Darmstadt , Hesse-Homburg , Hesse-Kassel , Hesse-Nassau , Hohenzollern-Hechingen , Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , Koblenz-Trier , Krakow , Liechtenstein , Limburg , Lippe , Lorraine , Lower Danube , Lower Silesia , Lübeck , Lublin , Luxembourg , Magdeburg-Anhalt , Main-Franconia , Mecklenburg , Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Moravia , Munich-Upper Bavaria , Nassau , Oldenburg , Palatinate , Pomerania , Prussia , Radom , Reuss-Gera , Reuss-Greiz , Rhineland , Saar-Palatinate , Salzburg , Saxe-Altenburg , Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , Saxe-Hildburghausen , Saxe-Lauenburg , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , Schaumburg-Lippe , Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Silesia , South Hanover-Brunswick , Styria , Sudetenland , Swabia , Tyrol-Vorarlberg , Upper Danube , Upper Hesse , Upper Silesia , Vienna , Waldeck and Pyrmont , Warsaw , Weser-Ems , West Berlin , Westphalia , Westphalia-North , Westphalia-South , West Prussia , Württemberg , Württemberg-Hohenzollern , West Pomerania
Derived terms
Coordinate terms
(countries of Europe ) country of Europe ; Albania , Andorra , Armenia , Austria , Azerbaijan , Belarus , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus , Czech Republic , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Georgia , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Iceland , Ireland , Italy , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , Moldova , Monaco , Montenegro , Netherlands , North Macedonia , Norway , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Russia , San Marino , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , Ukraine , United Kingdom , Vatican City
Related terms
පරිවර්ථන
country in Central Europe
Abenaki: Alemônki
Abkhaz: Алмантәыла ( Almantʷʼəla )
Acehnese: Jeureuman
Adyghe: Германие ( Ɣeermaaniije )
Afrikaans: Duitsland (af)
Akan: Gyaaman
Albanian: Gjermani (sq) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( indefinite ) , Gjermania (sq) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( definite )
Amharic: ጀርመን ( ǧärmän )
Arabic: أَلْمَانْيَا (ar) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( ʾalmānyā )
Egyptian Arabic: ألمانيا ?
Aragonese: Alemanya ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Aramaic:
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܠܡܵܢܝܼܵܐ ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( ālmanya ) , ܓܪܡܢ ( jerman ) ( archaic )
Armenian: Գերմանիա (hy) ( Germania )
Aromanian: Ghermãnii ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( indefinite ) , Ghermãnia ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( definite ) , Ghirmanii ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( indefinite ) , Ghirmania ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( definite ) , Ghermanii ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( indefinite ) , Ghermania ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( definite )
Assamese: জাৰ্মানী ( zarmani )
Asturian: Alemaña (ast) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Avar: Алмания ( Almanija )
Aymara: Alimaña
Azerbaijani: Almaniya (az)
Bambara: Alimaɲi
Basaa: Jamân
Bashkir: Германия ( Germaniya )
Basque: Alemania (eu)
Bavarian: Deitschland n
Belarusian: Герма́нія ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Hjermánija ) , Няме́ччына ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Njamjéččyna )
Bengali: জার্মানি (bn) ( jarmani )
Bikol Central: Alemanya
Bishnupriya Manipuri: জার্মানি
Bislama: Jemani
Breton: Alamagn (br) ?
Buginese: Jerman
Bulgarian: Герма́ния (bg) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Germánija )
Burmese: ဂျာမနီ ( gyama.ni )
Catalan: Alemanya (ca) ස්ත්රී ලිංග , Alemània (ca) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Central Franconian: Dütschland ?
Chechen: Германи ( Germani )
Cherokee: ᎠᏛᏥ (chr) ( advtsi )
Chinese:
Cantonese: 德國 / 德国 , 德国 ( dak1 gwok3 )
Dungan: Дыйгуй ( Dɨyguy ) , Дыйгуә ( Dɨyguə )
Mandarin: 德國 / 德国 (zh) , 德国 (zh) ( Déguó ) , 德意志 (zh) ( Déyìzhì )
Chuukese: Toowis , Ttooyis , Séémén
Chuvash: Германи ( Germani )
Cornish: Almayn (kw)
Corsican: Germania ස්ත්රී ලිංග , Ghjermania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Crimean Tatar: Almaniya
Czech: Německo (cs) n
Danish: Tyskland (da) n
Dhivehi: ޖަރުމަނުވިލާތް ( jarumanuvilāt̊ )
Dutch: Duitsland (nl) n
Dzongkha: ཇཱར་མ་ནི ( jār ma ni )
East Futuna: Siamani
Esperanto: Germanio (eo) , Germanujo (eo)
Estonian: Saksamaa (et)
Farefare: Dutsgo
Faroese: Týskland (fo) n
Finnish: Saksa (fi)
French: Allemagne (fr) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Friulian: Gjermanie ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Galician: Alemaña (gl) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Georgian: გერმანია (ka) ( germania )
German: Deutschland (de) n
Alemannic German: Dytschland n , Ditschlånd n , Diitschland n , Dütschland n , Düütschland n , Tüütschland n , Titschland n , S'düütsche n
Middle High German: Tiutschlant n
Rhine Franconian: Daitschlond n ( Palatine )
Gottscheerish: Taitšlont n
Greek: Γερμανία (el) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Germanía )
Ancient: Γερμανία ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Germanía )
Greenlandic: Tyskit Nunaat (kl)
Guaraní: Alemaña
Gujarati: જર્મની ? ( jarmanī )
Haitian Creole: Almay
Hausa: Jāmùs ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Hawaiian: Kelemānia , Koekelana
Hebrew: גֶּרְמַנְיָה (he) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( germánya ) , אַשְׁכְּנַז (he) ( ashkenáz ) ( medieval )
Hindi: जर्मनी (hi) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( jarmanī ) , जरमनी (hi) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( jaramnī )
Hungarian: Németország (hu)
Hunsrik: Deitschland n
Icelandic: Þýskaland (is) n
Ido: Germania (io)
Igbo: Jémanị
Ilocano: Alemania
Indonesian: Jerman (id)
Interlingua: Germania (ia)
Inuktitut: ᔮᒪᓂ ( yaamani )
Irish: an Ghearmáin (ga) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Italian: Germania (it) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Japanese: ドイツ (ja) ( Doitsu ) , 独逸 (ja) ( Doitsu ) ( obsolete )
Javanese: Jerman (jv)
Kabyle: Lalman
Kannada: ಜರ್ಮನಿ (kn) ( jarmani )
Karakalpak: Germaniya
Kashubian: Miemieckô (csb) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Kazakh: Германия ( Germaniä ) , Алмания ( Almaniä ) ( neologism )
Khmer: អាល្លឺម៉ង់ (km) ( ʼallœmâng )
Komi-Permyak: Немечму ( Nʹemecʹmu )
Korean: 독일(獨逸) (ko) ( Dogil ) ; 도이췰란드 (ko) ( Doichwillandeu ) ( North Korea )
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ئەڵمانیا ( ellmanya )
Northern Kurdish: Almanya (ku) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Kven: Tuiska
Kyrgyz: Германия (ky) ( Germaniya )
Ladin: please add this translation if you can
Ladino: Almania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Lakota: Iyášiča Makȟóčhe ( literally “ land of bad speakers ” )
Lao: ເຢຍລະມັນ (lo) ( yīa la man ) , ເຢັຽລະມັນ ( yīa la man ) , ເຢຍຣະມັນ ( yīa ra man ) , ເຢັຍຣະມັນ ( yia ra man )
Latgalian: Vuoceja ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Latin: Germania (la) ස්ත්රී ලිංග , Alemānnia ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Latvian: Vācija (lv) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Lezgi: Германия ( Germaniä )
Ligurian: Germania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Limburgish: Duutsjlandj ? , Duutsland ?
Lingala: Alémani
Lithuanian: Vokietija (lt) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Livonian: Saksāmō
Lombard: Germania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Louisiana Creole French: Alman
Low German: Düütschland (nds) n , Düüdschland n
Luganda: Girimane
Luhya: Jamani
Luxembourgish: Däitschland (lb) n
Lü: ᦵᦑᦲᧉᦷᦅᧉ ( toe²ko² )
Macedonian: Германија (mk) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Germanija )
Maithili: जर्मनी ? ( jarmanī )
Malay: Jerman (ms)
Malayalam: ജര്മനി ( jarmani )
Maltese: il-Ġermanja ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Manchu: ᡩ᠋ᡝ᠋ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
Manx: Giarmaan ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Maori: Tiamani , Tiamana
Maranao: Alimaniya
Marathi: जर्मनी ? ( jarmanī )
Marshallese: Jāmne
Mirandese: Almanha
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: Герман (mn) ( German )
Mongolian: ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ( ɣērman )
Nahuatl:
Classical Nahuatl: Alemania
Navajo: Béésh Bichʼahii Bikéyah
Nepali: जर्मनी ( jarmanī )
Newar: जर्मनी ( jarmanī )
Norman: Allémangne ස්ත්රී ලිංග
North Frisian:
Amrum: Sjiisklun n
Föhr: Tjiisklun n
Mooring: Tjüschlönj n
Northern Sami: Duiska
Norwegian:
Bokmål: Tyskland (no) n
Nynorsk: Tyskland (nn) n
Occitan: Alemanha (oc) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: Нѣмьци pl ( Němĭci )
Glagolitic: Ⱀⱑⰿⱏⱌⰹ pl ( Němŭci )
Old English: Germania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Old French: Alemaigne ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Old Occitan: Alamagna ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Oriya: ଜର୍ମାନୀ (or) ( jôrmani )
Palauan: Dois
Pashto: آلمان පුරුෂ ලිංග ( ālmān ) , المان (ps) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( almān ) , جرمني (ps) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( jarmani )
Pennsylvania German: Deitschland n
Persian: آلمان (fa) ( âlmân )
Picard: Alemanne ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Pitcairn-Norfolk: Doichland
Plautdietsch: Dietschlaund (nds) n , Dietschlaunt (nds) n
Polish: Niemcy (pl) ස්ත්රී ලිංග pl
Portuguese: Alemanha (pt) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi: ਜਰਮਨੀ ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( jarmanī )
Shahmukhi: جرمن (pnb) ( jarman ) , جرمنی (pnb) ( jarmani ) ( literally ) , المانیہ (pnb) ( almānya ) ( uncommon )
Quechua: Alimanya
Rarotongan: Tiāmani
Romanian: Germania (ro) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Romansch: Germania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Russian: Герма́ния (ru) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Germánija )
Rusyn: Нїме́цько n ( Njimécʹko )
Samogitian: Vuokītėjė
Sanskrit: शर्मण्यदेश පුරුෂ ලිංග ( śarmaṇyadeśa ) , शार्मण्यदेश (sa) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( śārmaṇyadeśa ) , शार्मण्य (sa) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( śārmaṇya ) , शार्मण्यः (sa) පුරුෂ ලිංග ( śārmaṇyaḥ )
Sardinian: Germània ස්ත්රී ලිංග , Zermània ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Saterland Frisian: Düütsklound n
Scottish Gaelic: Gearmailt ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: Нѐмачка̄ ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Roman: Nèmačkā ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Sicilian: Girmania ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Silesian: Mjymcy pl
Sinhalese: ජර්මනිය ( jarmaniya )
Slovak: Nemecko (sk) n
Slovene: Némčija (sl) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: Nimska ස්ත්රී ලිංග , Nimce pl
Upper Sorbian: Němska (hsb) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Spanish: Alemania (es) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Sranan Tongo: Doisrikondre
Swabian: Deidschland n , Deitschlahnd n
Swahili: Ujerumani (sw) class 6
Swedish: Tyskland (sv) n
Tagalog: Alemanya (tl)
Tajik: Олмон (tg) ( Olmon ) , Германия (tg) ( Germaniya )
Tamil: ஜர்மனி ( jarmaṉi )
Tatar: Алмания ( Almaniya )
Telugu: జర్మనీ (te) ( jarmanī )
Thai: เยอรมนี (th)
Tibetan: འཇར་མན ( 'jar man )
Tigrinya: ጀርመን ( ǧärmän )
Turkish: Almanya (tr)
Turkmen: Germaniýa
Ubykh: Аламаншәабла ( Alamanŝʷabla )
Ukrainian: Німе́ччина (uk) ස්ත්රී ලිංග ( Niméččyna )
Urdu: جَرْمَنی පුරුෂ ලිංග ( jarmanī ) , المانیہ පුරුෂ ලිංග ( almāniya ) ( uncommon )
Uyghur: گېرمانىيە ( gërmaniye )
Uzbek: Olmoniya (uz) , Germaniya (uz)
Venetian: Germania (vec) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Veps: Saksanma
Vietnamese: Đức (vi) (德 )
Vilamovian: Daojćłaond ?
Volapük: Deutän (vo) , Deut ( obsolete )
Votic: please add this translation if you can
Võro: S'aksamaa
Wallisian: Siamani
Walloon: Almagne (wa) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
Waray-Waray: Alemanya
Welsh: yr Almaen (cy) ස්ත්රී ලිංග
West Flemish: Duutsland ?
West Frisian: Dútslân (fy) n
Wolof: Almaañ (wo)
Xhosa: iJamani class 5
Yiddish: דײַטשלאַנד n ( daytshland )
Yoruba: Jẹ́mánì
Zealandic: Duutsland ?
Zhuang: Dwzgoz
ආශ්රිත
මූලාශ්ර
↑ See, for example, the variety of derivations cited at "Germans " in the Rev. George William Lemon's English Etymology (1788).
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "German, adj. and n ", in: Oxford English Dictionary , 3rd ed. . Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2012.
↑ "German", in: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology . Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1996.
↑ Herman Kinder, Penguin Atlas of World History , Vol. I, 1988, p. 108.
Anagrams
ඉංග්රීසි