たい
Appearance
ජපන්
[සංස්කරණය]නිරුක්තිය 1
[සංස්කරණය]වෛකල්පික අක්ෂර වින්යාසය |
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度い (obsolete) |
From たし (-tashi), generally regarded as a shift from Old Japanese いたし (itasi, “painful”), modern 痛い (itai).[1] Appears as a verbal suffix from at least The Tale of the Heike completed before 1330. Replaces previous volitional or desiderative suffix まほし (mahoshi).[2]
උච්චාරණය
[සංස්කරණය]- In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[3]
- If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: :සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/down:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → :සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/down:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
- If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: :සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/lowそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban – [0]) → :සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/lowそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban – [0]) or :සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/down:සැකිල්ල:ja-accent/low [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.
ප්රත්යය
[සංස්කරණය]たい (-tai) -i (adverbial たく (-taku))
- Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
- (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
භාවිත සටහන්
[සංස්කරණය]- Outside of questions, the suffix たい (-tai) is used mainly to talk about the speaker's own wants. When describing the wants of someone else, the suffix たがる (-tagaru) is used instead.
- Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives. Both particle uses have been widespread since the Muromachi period.[4]
Inflection rules for the たい form
Word | dictionary form | ren'yōkei + -tai | historical kana |
---|---|---|---|
godan verbs (type 1) | |||
書く | かく (káꜜkù) | かきたい (kàkítáꜜì) | |
泳ぐ | およぐ (òyóꜜgù) | およぎたい (òyógítáꜜì) | |
話す | はなす (hànáꜜsù) | はなしたい (hànáshítáꜜì) | |
待つ | まつ (máꜜtsù) | まちたい (màchítáꜜì) | |
死ぬ | しぬ (shìnú) | しにたい (shìnítáí) しにたい (shìnítáꜜì) |
|
呼ぶ | よぶ (yòbú) | よびたい (yòbítáí) よびたい (yòbítáꜜì) |
|
読む | よむ (yóꜜmù) | よみたい (yòmítáꜜì) | |
作る | つくる (tsùkúꜜrù) | つくりたい (tsùkúrítáꜜì) | |
買う | かう (kàú) | かいたい (kàítáí) かいたい (kàítáꜜì) |
かひたい |
ichidan verbs (type 2) | |||
見る | みる (míꜜrù) | みたい (mìtáꜜì) | |
開ける | あける (àkérú) | あけたい (àkétáí) あけたい (àkétáꜜì) |
|
irregular verbs (type 3) | |||
来る | くる (kúꜜrù) | きたい (kìtáꜜì) | |
する | する (sùrú) | したい (shìtáí) したい (shìtáꜜì) |
- Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
- Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.
- アイスが食べたい
- aisu ga tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスを食べたい
- aisu o tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスが食べたい
- This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Inflection
[සංස්කරණය]Inflection of たい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | たかろ | takaro | |
Continuative (連用形) | たく | taku | |
Terminal (終止形) | たい | tai | |
Attributive (連体形) | たい | tai | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | たけれ | takere | |
Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | takare | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | たくない | taku nai | |
Informal past | たかった | takatta | |
Informal negative past | たくなかった | taku nakatta | |
Formal | たいです | tai desu | |
Formal negative | たくないです | taku nai desu | |
Formal past | たかったです | takatta desu | |
Formal negative past | たくなかったです | taku nakatta desu | |
Conjunctive | たくて | takute | |
Conditional | たければ | takereba | |
Provisional | たかったら | takattara | |
Volitional | たかろう | takarō | |
Adverbial | たく | taku | |
Degree | たさ | tasa |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | たく[1] たから[2] |
taku takara | ||
Continuative (連用形) | たく[1] たかり[2] |
taku takari | ||
Terminal (終止形) | たし | tasi | ||
Attributive (連体形) | たき たかる |
taki takaru | ||
Realis (已然形) | たけれ | takere | ||
Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | takare | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | たからず | takarazu | ||
Contrasting conjunction | たけれど | takeredo | ||
Causal conjunction | たければ | takereba | ||
Conditional conjunction | たくば | takuba | ||
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たかりき | takariki | ||
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たかりけり | takarikeri | ||
Adverbial | たく | taku | ||
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
ව්යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
[සංස්කරණය]- たがる (tagaru)
නිරුක්තිය 2
[සංස්කරණය]Particle
[සංස්කරණය]たい (tai)
- (Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki)[5] sentence-ending particle indicating emphasis
- そうですたい
- sō desu tai
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- そうですたい
අමතර අවධානයට
[සංස්කරණය]නිරුක්තිය 3
[සංස්කරණය]たい යන යෙදුමේ උච්චාරණය සහ අර්ථ දැක්වීම සඳහා – මතු දැක්වෙන ප්රවේශය: 鯛 |
(The following entry is uncreated: 鯛.)
නිරුක්තිය 4
[සංස්කරණය]たい යන යෙදුමේ උච්චාරණය සහ අර්ථ දැක්වීම සඳහා – මතු දැක්වෙන ප්රවේශ වෙත යොමු වන්න. | ||
| ||
(たい, නම් වන මෙම යෙදුම, ඉහත යෙදුමේ the hiragana spelling වෙයි.) |
(The following entries are uncreated: 対, 隊, 太, 態, 袋, 胎, 堆, 泰, 敦, 他意.)
නිරුක්තිය 5
[සංස්කරණය]たい යන යෙදුමේ උච්චාරණය සහ අර්ථ දැක්වීම සඳහා – මතු දැක්වෙන ප්රවේශය: 田井 |
(The following entry is uncreated: 田井.)
නිරුක්තිය 6
[සංස්කරණය]たい යන යෙදුමේ උච්චාරණය සහ අර්ථ දැක්වීම සඳහා – මතු දැක්වෙන ප්රවේශය: 田居 |
(The following entry is uncreated: 田居.)
මූලාශ්ර
[සංස්කරණය]- ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) ja:国語大辞典(新装版)<t:Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)>, w:Tōkyō: w:Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (දයිජිරින්), තෙවන සංස්කරණය (ජපන් බසින්), තෝක්යෝ: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)
- ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (2018) 広辞苑 [Kōjien], Seventh edition, w:Tokyo: w:Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
ප්රවර්ග:
- ජපන් යෙදුම්, Old Japanese වෙතින් උරුම වූ
- ජපන් යෙදුම්, Old Japanese වෙතින් ව්යුත්පන්න
- ජපන් යෙදුම්, ස්වරශාස්ත්ර හෝඩි උච්චාරණ සහිත
- ජපන් පාඨ
- ජපන් ප්රත්ය
- ජපන් හිරගනා
- Japanese terms with usage examples
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- ජපන් නිපාත පද
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