南

Wiktionary වෙතින්
南 U+5357, 南
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5357
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[U+5356] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 単 →
[U+5358]

සර්ව භාෂාමය[සංස්කරණය]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[සංස්කරණය]

南 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十月廿十 (JBTJ), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱十⿵冂𢆉)

Derived characters[සංස්කරණය]

මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2750
  • Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 65, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5357

චීන[සංස්කරණය]

simp. and trad.
 南
2nd round simp. ⿱十冂
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[සංස්කරණය]

Historical forms of the character 南
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (南) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
南 *nuːm
楠 *nuːm
腩
湳
揇 *nuːmʔ
萳
罱
喃 *rnuːm
諵

This character has been explained as a pictogram (象形) of a hanging percussion instrument, originally identical to the left side of 㱿. Under this hypothesis its borrowing for the word “south” is difficult to explain.

Sagart (1988) instead proposes that it is a pictogram of the front of a house. Archaeological evidence confirms that in antiquity, at least in some regions, houses were built to face south.

නිරුක්තිය 1[සංස්කරණය]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-nam (“sky, sun”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007); Benedict (1972)); the south is traditionally associated with the sun & light, compare 陽 (“light, sun-lit south-side of a hill”).

If so, cognate with ටිබෙට් གནམ (gnam, “sky”), ནམ (nam, “night”), Tshangla ngam (“sun, noon, day, sky”), Chepang न्‍याम्‌ (nyam, “sun, sunlight, storm-cloud, weather”).

Alternatively, Sagart (2004) relates this word to Old Chinese *nɨm (revised to *nˤ[ə]m in 2014) "belly, front of the body", further "south" to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nam (“rib(s)”), as one term for one body-part often shifts its meaning to another body-part nearby.

If so, 南 is cognate with 妊 (OC *njɯms, “to carry inside one's belly → to be pregnant”), 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to carry a burden, especially in front of the body”), also 腩 (“belly (of an ox)”), Southern Pumi nõ⁵⁵, බුරුම နံရိုး (nam-rui:, “side of the body, rib”), and thus is a semantic counterpart to 北 (OC *pɯːɡ, “north”), which is related to 背 (“back of the body”).

උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang;
  • nang5 - Chenghai.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 南
    Mandarin Beijing /nan³⁵/
    Harbin /nan²⁴/
    Tianjin /nan⁴⁵/
    Jinan /nã⁴²/
    Qingdao /nã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /nan⁴²/
    Xi'an /nã²⁴/
    Xining /nã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /nan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /lɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /nan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /nan²¹³/
    Chengdu /nan³¹/
    Guiyang /nan²¹/
    Kunming /nã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /laŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /læ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /næ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /nɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /næ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /nø²³/
    Suzhou /nø¹³/
    Hangzhou /nẽ̞²¹³/
    Wenzhou /nø³¹/
    Hui Shexian /lɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /lɔ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /lan¹³/
    Xiangtan /nan¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /lan⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /nam¹¹/
    Taoyuan /nɑm¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nam²¹/
    Nanning /nam²¹/
    Hong Kong /nam²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lam³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /naŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /naŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /nam⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /nam³¹/
    Rime
    Character 南
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
    Final (韻) 覃 (159)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 那含切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/nʌm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/nəm/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/nɒm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/nəm/
    Li
    Rong         		/nᴀm/
    Wang
    Li         		/nɒm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/năm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		naam4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 南
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nom ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁ[ə]m/
    English south

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 南
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9355
    Phonetic
    component         		南
    Rime
    group         		侵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		南
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nuːm/

    Definitions[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    1. south; southern

    Coordinate terms[සංස්කරණය]

    西北 北 東北／东北
    西 東／东
    西南 南 東南／东南


    Descendants[සංස්කරණය]

    Sino-Xenic (南):
    • → ජපන්: 南(なん) (nan)
    • → Okinawan: 南(なん) (nan)
    • → කොරියානු: 남(南) (nam)
    • → වියට්නාම: nam (南)

    Others:

    Compounds[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය 2[සංස්කරණය]

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    Definitions[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    1. Only used in 南無／南无.

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    ජපන්[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[සංස්කරණය]

    Compounds[සංස්කරණය]

    Compounds

    නිරුක්තිය 1[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    みなみ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    ජපන් විකිපීඩියාව සතුව මෙයට අදාළ ලිපියක් ඇත:
    Wikipedia ja
    සිංහල විකිපීඩියාව සතුව මෙයට අදාළ ලිපියක් ඇත:
    Wikipedia

    ⟨mi1nami1⟩ → */mʲinamʲɨ/ → /minami/

    From Old Japanese.

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みなみ) (minami) 

    1. the south (cardinal point)
      • c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo[3]
        和可夜之奈比乃可波利爾波(わがやしなひのかはりには)、於保末之末須(おほまします)、美奈美(みなみ)乃末知奈流(のまちなる)奴(やつこ)乎宇氣與止(をうけよと)... [Man'yōgana]
        我(わ)が養(やしな)ひの代(かは)りには、おほ坐(ま)します、南(みなみ)の街(まち)なる奴(やつこ)を受(う)けよと... [Modern spelling]
        waga yashinai no kawari ni wa, ōmashimasu, minami no machi naru yatsuko o ukeyo to...
        (please add an English translation of this example)
      Antonym: 北 (kita)
    2. a southerly, south wind
      Synonym: 南風 (minamikaze, hae)
      Antonym: 北 (kita)
    Coordinate terms[සංස්කරණය]
    西(せい)北(ほく) (seihoku) (西(せい)北(ほく) (seihoku))
    北(ほく)西(せい) (hokusei) (北(ほく)西(せい) (hokusei))     		北(きた) (kita) (北(きた) (kita)) 東(とう)北(ほく) (tōhoku) (東(とう)北(ほく) (tōhoku))
    北(ほく)東(とう) (hokutō) (北(ほく)東(とう) (hokutō))
    西(にし) (nishi) (西(にし) (nishi)) 東(ひがし) (higashi) (東(ひがし) (higashi))
    西(せい)南(なん) (seinan) (西(せい)南(なん) (seinan))
    南(なん)西(せい) (nansei) (南(なん)西(せい) (nansei))     		南(みなみ) (minami) (南(みなみ) (minami)) 東(とう)南(なん) (tōnan) (東(とう)南(なん) (tōnan))
    南(なん)東(とう) (nantō) (南(なん)東(とう) (nantō))


    ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්[සංස්කරණය]
    Derived terms

    සංඥා නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みなみ) (Minami) 

    1. (historical) the red-light district in modern-day Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo (as it was located south of Edo Castle)
    2. the name of a ward in various cities throughout Japan, especially a former ward in the city of Osaka which is now part of Chūō Ward
    3. a female පුද්ගල නාමය
    4. a surname from ප්‍රංශ

    ක්‍රියා පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みなみ)する (minami suru) suru (stem 南(みなみ)し (minami shi), past 南(みなみ)した (minami shita))

    1. (archaic) to go south
      • 1789, Seikashū (haikai by Takai Kitō)
        紅楓(もみぢ)深(ふか)し、みなみし西(にし)す、水(みづ)の隅(すみ)
        momiji fukashi, minami shi nishi su, mizu no sumi
        (please add an English translation of this example)
    Conjugation[සංස්කරණය]
    Conjugation of "南する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 南し みなみし minami shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 南し みなみし minami shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 南する みなみする minami suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 南する みなみする minami suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 南すれ みなみすれ minami sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 南せよ¹
    南しろ²         		みなみせよ¹
    みなみしろ²         		minami seyo¹
    minami shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 南される みなみされる minami sareru
    Causative 南させる
    南さす         		みなみさせる
    みなみさす         		minami saseru
    minami sasu
    Potential 南できる みなみできる minami dekiru
    Volitional 南しよう みなみしよう minami shiyō
    Negative 南しない みなみしない minami shinai
    Negative continuative 南せず みなみせず minami sezu
    Formal 南します みなみします minami shimasu
    Perfective 南した みなみした minami shita
    Conjunctive 南して みなみして minami shite
    Hypothetical conditional 南すれば みなみすれば minami sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    Classical conjugation of "南す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 南せ みなみせ minamise
    Continuative (連用形) 南し みなみし minamisi
    Terminal (終止形) 南す みなみす minamisu
    Attributive (連体形) 南する みなみする minamisuru
    Realis (已然形) 南すれ みなみすれ minamisure
    Imperative (命令形) 南せよ みなみせよ minamiseyo
    Key constructions
    Negative 南せず みなみせず minamisezu
    Contrasting conjunction 南すれど みなみすれど minamisuredo
    Causal conjunction 南すれば みなみすれば minamisureba
    Conditional conjunction 南せば みなみせば minamiseba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 南しき みなみしき minamisiki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 南しけり みなみしけり minamisikeri
    Perfect tense (conscious action) 南しつ みなみしつ minamisitu
    Perfect tense (natural event) 南しぬ みなみしぬ minamisinu
    Perfect-continuative tense 南せり
    南したり    		 みなみせり
    みなみしたり    		 minamiseri
    minamisitari
    Volitional 南せむ みなみせむ minamisemu

    නිරුක්තිය 2[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    みんなみ
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    /minami/ → /minːami/

    Appears in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

    Alteration of minami.[1]

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みんなみ) (minnami) 

    1. (archaic) the south

    සංඥා නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みんなみ) (Minnami) 

    1. (historical, archaic) the red-light district in modern-day Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo

    නිරුක්තිය 3[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    なん
    Grade: 2
    goon

    /namʉ/ → /naɴ/

    From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nʌm).

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(なん) (nan) 

    1. the south
      Synonym: 南方 (nanpō)
    2. 南鐐 (nanryō)Short for : beautiful silver; a type of silver coin in the Edo period
    ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්[සංස්කරණය]

    Affix[සංස්කරණය]

    南(なん) (nan) 

    1. south, southern
    2. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
    ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්[සංස්කරණය]
    Derived terms

    සංඥා නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(なん) (Nan) 

    1. a female පුද්ගල නාමය
    2. a surname from ප්‍රංශ

    නිරුක්තිය 4[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    なん
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    From මැන්ඩරීන් 南 (nán).

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(ナン) (nan) 

    1. (mahjong) south wind (mahjong tile)
      Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
    2. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
      Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
    Coordinate terms[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය 5[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    みなん
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    Shift from standard ජපන් minami, dropping the final vowel and keeping the nasal.

    • /minami/ → /minaɴ/

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(みなん) (minan) 

    1. (dialect, Kagoshima) south (cardinal point)

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (දයිජිරින්), තෙවන සංස්කරණය (ජපන් බසින්), තෝක්‍යෝ: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK ජපන් උච්චාරණ ඇක්සන්ට් ශබ්දකෝෂය) (ජපන් බසින්), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ↑ Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in ජපන්), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

    කොරියානු[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය 1[සංස්කරණය]

    From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nʌm).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 සැකිල්ල:okm-inline
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] සැකිල්ල:okm-inline සැකිල්ල:okm-inline
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 සැකිල්ල:okm-inline
    සැකිල්ල:okm-inline    		 සැකිල්ල:okm-inline

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    Hanja[සංස්කරණය]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
    [[wikisource:ko:Special:Search/"南"|南]]

    Wikisource

    南 (eumhun 남녘 남 (namnyeok nam))

    1. Hanja form? of 남 (“south; southern”).

    Compounds[සංස්කරණය]

    Compounds

    නිරුක්තිය 2[සංස්කරණය]

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    Hanja[සංස්කරණය]

    南 (eumhun 나무 나 (namu na))

    1. Hanja form? of 나 (“Only used in 나무 (南無, namu)”).

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan[සංස්කරණය]

    වෙනත් ආකාර[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji in this term
    南
    ふぇー
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Kanji[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[සංස්කරණය]

    Compounds[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය[සංස්කරණය]

    Cognate to Yonaguni 南 (hai, “south, southerly”) and western ජපන් 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南(ふぇー) (fē) 

    1. the south (cardinal point)
    2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)

    ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්[සංස්කරණය]

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    Old Japanese[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය[සංස්කරණය]

    මෙම නිරුක්ති අයිතමය නොපවතියි හෝ අසම්පූර්ණ වේ. එය දියුණු කිරීම, නො එසේ නම් නිරුක්ති ලේඛනාගාරය වෙත ගොස් එය පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡාවට සහභාගී වීම සඳහා කාරුණික වන්න.
    Particularly: “Compound of み (mi1, uncertain, possibly “sea” or “water”) +‎ な (na, apophonic form of attributive particle の (no2)) +‎ 見 (mi1, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 見る (mi1ru), “to look, see”)?”

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南 (mi1nami1) (kana みなみ)

    1. the south (cardinal point)
    2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū, (book 18, poem 4106):
        , text here
        ...南吹雪消益而射水河流水沫能余留弊奈美...
        ...mi1nami1 puki1 yuki1ke2 *masarite Imi1du-gapa nagaru mi1nawa no2 yo2ru pe1 nami1...
        (මෙම usage example සඳහා වන සිංහල පරිවර්තනය එක් කිරීමට කාරුණික වන්න)

    භාවිත සටහන්[සංස්කරණය]

    Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨na⟩ and 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨namu⟩.

    Descendants[සංස්කරණය]

    • ජපන්: 南 (minami)

    Tày[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南 (nam)

    1. Nôm form of nam (“south”).

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    • Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[4] (in වියට්නාම), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

    Vietnamese[සංස්කරණය]

    Han character[සංස්කරණය]

    南: Hán Nôm readings: nam

    නාම විශේෂණ පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南 (nam)

    1. south, southern

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    Yonaguni[සංස්කරණය]

    Kanji[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    Readings[සංස්කරණය]

    නිරුක්තිය[සංස්කරණය]

    Cognate to Okinawan 南 (fē, “south, southerly”) and western ජපන් 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).

    උච්චාරණය[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南 (hiragana はい, romaji hai)

    1. the south (cardinal point)
    2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)

    මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

    Zhuang[සංස්කරණය]

    නාම පදය[සංස්කරණය]

    南

    1. namzSawndip form of
    "https://si.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=南&oldid=52630" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි